The Hidden Disadvantages of Switching to Dark Mode

The digital devices we interact with daily can have significant impacts on our health and well-being. Prolonged periods sitting in front of a computer can contribute to eye strain, back pain, and even repetitive strain injuries like carpal tunnel syndrome. Likewise, the blue light from phones, tablets, and other screens can alter our natural sleep patterns. Social media usage can even impact our mental health, sometimes leading to reduced feelings of self-worth. Amidst these concerns, Dark Mode has been a hot topic lately. Praised for its potential to elevate productivity and minimize eye strain, not to mention its reported benefits for device battery life, it seems like a clear choice for many. However, recent studies suggest that Dark Mode may not be the wellness hero it’s touted to be. Let’s delve into what the research indicates, assessing the best use scenarios for Dark Mode. Dark Mode has become ubiquitous: Platforms like Twitter and Slack have adopted it; Mac users can enable it; design-focused apps like Sketch and coding environments such as Atom sport a Dark Mode; and Chrome gives users the choice regarding their dark mode preferences. But, should we be using it indiscriminately? Let’s explore what we know so far:

1. Text Visibility and Polarity Contrast

When it comes to web design, ‘polarity’ refers to the contrast between text and the background on which it rests. ‘Positive polarity’ signifies black text on a white backdrop, whereas ‘negative polarity’ signifies white text on a black background. Research over recent years indicates that positive polarity generally offers better legibility. Study #1: In 2013, an investigation aimed to find the effects of polarity on proofreading tasks. The conclusion was that positive polarity renders an optimized reading experience, which is particularly noticeable with smaller fonts (font sizes between 8 and 14 points were examined). The improved readability was attributed to the higher luminance provided by the white background. Study #2: Another study in 2014 was set to verify whether luminance was indeed a factor in text legibility. The study closely looked at the size of readers’ pupils when engaging with texts of varying polarities. Readers of positive polarity texts exhibited smaller pupils. Given that smaller pupils enhance our capacity to discern finer details, this evidence suggests positive polarity equates to a superior reading encounter. Study #3: A 2016 study added to this body of knowledge by evaluating reading conditions akin to glancing – like peeking at a line of code or a brief text while multitasking. This research showed that reading was most challenging in a dark ambient setting with negative polarity. Positive polarity scenarios (irrespective of ambient lighting) proved to be favorable for reading moments.

The Takeaway

For an optimal reading experience, black text on a white background is paramount. If you’re drawn to Dark Mode due to its visual appeal, consider using it sparingly, particularly when extensive reading or accuracy is not of the essence.

2. Medical Opinions on Dark Mode’s Impact on Health

It’s not just technical researchers weighing in on Dark Mode; medical professionals are entering the dialogue. Ophthalmologist Dr. Euna Koo shared insights with CNN Business, suggesting that:

I do not think dark mode affects eye health in any way given the data that is out there in the literature. The length of screen time is most likely far more significant than the mode or the brightness intensity of the device concerning the effects on eye fatigue and potentially on eye health.

Dr. Michael B. Rivers, Ophthalmology Director at Modernizing Medicine, expressed similar views in Forbes:

Contrary to popular belief, no concrete evidence suggests that reading white text on a dark background is easier than its inverse.

Wired compiled perspectives from human-computer interaction professors at UCL, including one from Anna Cox, which addresses the link between Dark Mode and productivity:

Alas, changing the color scheme does little to ward off external or internal distractions that impede productivity.

If experts are discrediting the perceived benefits of Dark Mode for visibility and concentration, perhaps it’s time we reconsidered our stance.

3. The Influence of Dark Mode on Mental State

While concrete evidence is sparse, there’s growing curiosity about the psychological effects of Dark Mode. Anecdotally, we understand that the absence of light can alter brain function and potentially lead to depressive symptoms. Those who have spent time in regions like Seattle can relate, where Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD) is prevalent. SAD causes individuals to experience fatigue, lack of motivation, and depression, often linked to limited exposure to light. Based on what is known about blue light’s ability to interfere with melatonin and sleep, it’s interesting to speculate whether digital screens emitting blue light can help us remain alert and focused during the day. If that assumption holds, Dark Mode’s overuse could inadvertently impair our productivity and alertness.

Concluding Thoughts

As more digital tools offer a Dark Mode feature, we should pause and consider whether it’s a wise choice. The prevailing professional opinions and studies suggest Dark Mode is more an aesthetic preference than a tool for enhancing work efficacy. Yet, if Dark Mode’s aesthetics appeal to you and you observe no adverse effects on yourself, feel free to use it. However, suppose issues like focus or wakefulness at the computer arise. In that case, it may be more prudent to stick with the conventional white screen and practice healthier work habits: regular screen breaks, spending time outdoors, and working during peak personal productivity times. Featured image courtesy of Unsplash.